ä¿¡æ¯æ”¶é›† ======================================== 获å–å†…æ ¸ï¼Œæ“ä½œç³»ç»Ÿå’Œè®¾å¤‡ä¿¡æ¯ ---------------------------------------- - ç‰ˆæœ¬ä¿¡æ¯ - ``uname -a`` 所有版本 - ``uname -r`` å†…æ ¸ç‰ˆæœ¬ä¿¡æ¯ - ``uname -n`` 系统主机åå— - ``uname -m`` Linuxå†…æ ¸æž¶æž„ - å†…æ ¸ä¿¡æ¯ ``cat /proc/version`` - CPUä¿¡æ¯ ``cat /proc/cpuinfo`` - å‘å¸ƒä¿¡æ¯ - ``cat /etc/*-release`` - ``cat /etc/issue`` - 主机å ``hostname`` - 文件系统 ``df -a`` - å†…æ ¸æ—¥å¿— ``dmesg`` / ``/var/log/dmesg`` 用户和组 ---------------------------------------- - 列出系统所有用户 ``cat /etc/passwd`` - 列出系统所有组 ``cat /etc/group`` - 列出所有用户hash(root)``cat /etc/shadow`` - 用户 - æŸ¥è¯¢ç”¨æˆ·çš„åŸºæœ¬ä¿¡æ¯ ``finger`` - 当å‰ç™»å½•的用户 ``users`` ``who -a`` ``/var/log/utmp`` - æŸ¥è¯¢æ— å¯†ç 用户 ``grep 'x:0:' /etc/passwd`` - ç›®å‰ç™»å½•的用户 ``w`` - ç™»å…¥è¿‡çš„ç”¨æˆ·ä¿¡æ¯ ``last`` / ``/var/log/wtmp`` - æ˜¾ç¤ºç³»ç»Ÿä¸æ‰€æœ‰ç”¨æˆ·æœ€è¿‘ä¸€æ¬¡ç™»å½•ä¿¡æ¯ ``lastlog`` / ``/var/log/lastlog`` - 登录æˆåŠŸæ—¥å¿— ``/var/log/secure`` - 登录失败日志 ``/var/log/faillog`` - 查看特æƒç”¨æˆ· ``grep :0 /etc/passwd`` - 查看passwd最åŽä¿®æ”¹æ—¶é—´ ``ls -l /etc/passwd`` - 查看是å¦å˜åœ¨ç©ºå£ä»¤ç”¨æˆ· ``awk -F: 'length($2)==0 {print $1}' /etc/shadow`` - æŸ¥çœ‹è¿œç¨‹ç™»å½•çš„è´¦å· ``awk '/\$1|\$6/{print $1}' /etc/shadow`` - 查看具有sudoæƒé™çš„用户 - ``cat /etc/sudoers | grep -v "^#\|^$" | grep "ALL=(ALL)"`` 用户和æƒé™ä¿¡æ¯ ---------------------------------------- - 当å‰ç”¨æˆ· ``whoami`` - 当å‰ç”¨æˆ·ä¿¡æ¯ ``id`` - å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç”¨sudoæå‡åˆ°root的用户(root) ``cat /etc/sudoers`` - 列出目å‰ç”¨æˆ·å¯æ‰§è¡Œä¸Žæ— 法执行的指令 ``sudo -l`` çŽ¯å¢ƒä¿¡æ¯ ---------------------------------------- - 打å°ç³»ç»ŸçŽ¯å¢ƒä¿¡æ¯ ``env`` - 打å°ç³»ç»ŸçŽ¯å¢ƒä¿¡æ¯ ``set`` - 环境å˜é‡ä¸çš„è·¯å¾„ä¿¡æ¯ ``echo $PATH`` - 打å°åކå²å‘½ä»¤ ``history`` / ``~/.bash_history`` - 显示当å‰è·¯å¾„ ``pwd`` - 显示默认系统é历 ``cat /etc/profile`` - 显示å¯ç”¨çš„shell ``cat /etc/shells`` è¿›ç¨‹ä¿¡æ¯ ---------------------------------------- - æŸ¥çœ‹è¿›ç¨‹ä¿¡æ¯ ``ps aux`` - 资æºå 有情况 ``top -c`` - æŸ¥çœ‹è¿›ç¨‹å…³è”æ–‡ä»¶ ``lsof -c $PID`` - å®Œæ•´å‘½ä»¤è¡Œä¿¡æ¯ ``/proc/$PID/cmdline`` - 进程的命令å ``/proc/$PID/comm`` - 进程当å‰å·¥ä½œç›®å½•的符å·é“¾æŽ¥ ``/proc/$PID/cwd`` - è¿è¡Œç¨‹åºçš„符å·é“¾æŽ¥ ``/proc/$PID/exe`` - 进程的环境å˜é‡ ``/proc/$PID/environ`` - 进程打开文件的情况 ``/proc/$PID/fd`` æœåŠ¡ä¿¡æ¯ ---------------------------------------- - ç”±inetd管ç†çš„æœåŠ¡åˆ—è¡¨ ``cat /etc/inetd.conf`` - ç”±xinetd管ç†çš„æœåŠ¡åˆ—è¡¨ ``cat /etc/xinetd.conf`` - nfsæœåŠ¡å™¨çš„é…ç½® ``cat /etc/exports`` - é‚®ä»¶ä¿¡æ¯ ``/var/log/mailog`` - sshé…ç½® ``sshd_config`` 计划任务 ---------------------------------------- - 显示指定用户的计划作业(root) ``crontab -l -u %user%`` - 计划任务 - ``/var/spool/cron/*`` - ``/var/spool/anacron/*`` - ``/etc/crontab`` - ``/etc/anacrontab`` - ``/etc/cron.*`` - ``/etc/anacrontab`` - 开机å¯åЍ项 - ``/etc/rc.d/init.d/`` 网络ã€è·¯ç”±å’Œé€šä¿¡ ---------------------------------------- - 列出网络接å£ä¿¡æ¯ ``/sbin/ifconfig -a`` / ``ip addr show`` - 列出网络接å£ä¿¡æ¯ ``cat /etc/network/interfaces`` - 查看系统arp表 ``arp -a`` - 打å°è·¯ç”±ä¿¡æ¯ ``route`` / ``ip ro show`` - 查看dnsé…ç½®ä¿¡æ¯ ``cat /etc/resolv.conf`` - æ‰“å°æœ¬åœ°ç«¯å£å¼€æ”¾ä¿¡æ¯ ``netstat -an`` - 列出iptableçš„é…置规则 ``iptables -L`` - æŸ¥çœ‹ç«¯å£æœåŠ¡æ˜ å°„ ``cat /etc/services`` - Hostname ``hostname -f`` - æŸ¥çœ‹è¿›ç¨‹ç«¯å£æƒ…况 ``netstat -anltp | grep $PID`` å·²å®‰è£…ç¨‹åº ---------------------------------------- - ``rpm -qa --last`` Redhat - ``yum list | grep installed`` CentOS - ``ls -l /etc/yum.repos.d/`` - ``dpkg -l`` Debian - ``cat /etc/apt/sources.list`` Debian APT - ``pkg_info`` xBSD - ``pkginfo`` Solaris - ``pacman -Q`` Arch Linux - ``emerge`` Gentoo 文件 ---------------------------------------- - 最近五天的文件 ``find / -ctime +1 -ctime -5`` - 文件系统细节 ``debugfs`` å…¬ç§é’¥ä¿¡æ¯ ---------------------------------------- - ``~/.ssh`` - ``/etc/ssh`` 日志 ---------------------------------------- - ``/var/log/boot.log`` - ``/var/log/cron`` - ``/var/log/faillog`` - ``/var/log/lastlog`` - ``/var/log/messages`` - ``/var/log/secure`` - ``/var/log/syslog`` - ``/var/log/syslog`` - ``/var/log/wtmp`` - ``/var/log/wtmp`` - ``/var/run/utmp`` 虚拟环境检测 ---------------------------------------- - ``lsmod | grep -i "vboxsf\|vboxguest"`` - ``lsmod | grep -i "vmw_baloon\|vmxnet"`` - ``lsmod | grep -i "xen-vbd\|xen-vnif"`` - ``lsmod | grep -i "virtio_pci\|virtio_net"`` - ``lsmod | grep -i "hv_vmbus\|hv_blkvsc\|hv_netvsc\|hv_utils\|hv_storvsc"`` å®¹å™¨å†…ä¿¡æ¯æ”¶é›† ---------------------------------------- - ``capsh --print`` - ``cat /proc/1/cgroup`` - ``env | grep KUBE`` - ``ls -l .dockerenv`` - ``ls -l /run/secrets/Kubernetes.io/`` - ``mount`` - ``ps aux``